What does the term "sublingual" refer to in medication administration?

The term "sublingual" specifically refers to the administration of medication by placing it under the tongue. This route allows for rapid absorption of the drug into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes located in that area, bypassing the digestive system and hepatic first-pass metabolism. Medications administered sublingually can act more quickly compared to those taken orally, as they directly enter the circulation. This method is commonly used for certain types of medications, such as nitroglycerin for chest pain, where fast action is required.

In contrast, injecting into the bloodstream pertains to parenteral routes, oral administration involves swallowing the medication, and transdermal application refers to delivering drugs through the skin. Understanding these various routes of administration highlights the significance of sublingual delivery, which is beneficial for specific clinical scenarios where rapid onset of action is essential.