What does the abbreviation "NPO" mean in a medical context?

In a medical context, the abbreviation "NPO" stands for "Nothing by mouth." This term is commonly used to indicate that a patient should not consume any food or liquids for a specific period, typically before a surgical procedure, diagnostic test, or certain medical treatments. The rationale for this directive is to minimize the risk of aspiration, which can occur if a patient were to eat or drink before undergoing anesthesia or other interventions.

This guideline helps ensure patient safety and enhances the effectiveness of medical procedures. Understanding this terminology is vital for pharmacy technicians as they often communicate with healthcare professionals and must understand instructions regarding patient preparation and care.